Psychotropics and Pharmacogenetics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47924/neurotarget202115Keywords:
psychopharmacology, pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics, psychiatric disorders, bipolar disorderAbstract
Mental illness represents an important health issue at both the individual and socioeconomic levels. This is partly due to currently suboptimal treatment options: existing psychotropic drugs, including antidepressants, antipsychotics and mood stabilizers, are effective only in a group of patients or produce partial responses and are usually associated with adverse effects. disabling agents that discourage adherence. Pharmacogenetics studies how genetic information impacts the response to drugs and their adverse effects, with the aim of providing personalized treatments, thus maximizing efficacy and tolerance. The first pharmacogenetic studies focused on candidate genes, previously known to be relevant to the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of psychotropic medications. The results were not conclusive. But some replicated candidates were identified and included as pharmacogenetic biomarkers in drug labeling and in some commercial kits. With the advent of the genomic revolution, it became possible to study genetic variation on an unprecedented scale, across the entire genome without the need for a priori hypotheses. This could lead to personalized prescribing of existing medications, thanks to new insights into the genetics of mental illness. Promising findings have been achieved, but methods for generating and analyzing genomic and sequencing data are still evolving. Future pharmacogenetic tests may consist of hundreds/thousands of polymorphisms across the genome or molecular pathways selected to take into account the complex interactions between variants of various genes.
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Copyright (c) 2021 Leandro Piedimonte , Daniela Flores Helguero
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