Identificación microneurográfica de la actividad espontánea de los nociceptores C en los estados de dolor neuropático en humanos y ratas
Publicado en la Revista Pain 2012;153:42-55
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47924/neurotarget2013271Palabras clave:
microneurografía, dolor neuropático, nociceptorResumen
Los nociceptores de las fibras de tipo C normalmente no disparan potenciales de acción a menos que sean estimulados por estímulos nocivos adecuados. Sin embargo, en estados patológicos, los nociceptores pueden volverse hiperexcitables y generan descargas ectópicas espontáneas. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar modelos de dolor neuropático en ratas y evaluar su idoneidad para modelar la actividad espontánea de los nociceptores C que se encontró en pacientes con dolor neuropático. Los estudios fueron realizados en ratas normales (n=40), sujetos humanos sanos (n=15), pacientes con dolor neuropático periférico (n=20) y en cinco modelos de dolor neuropático en ratas: aplastamiento de nervio (n=24), sutura (n=14), lesión por compresión crónica (n = 12), neuropatía diabética inducida por estreptozotocina [STZ] (n=56) y neuropatía inducida por 2,3-dideoxicitidina [ddC] (n=15). Los registros microneurográficos fueron combinados con la estimulación eléctrica para monitorear la actividad en múltiples fibras de tipo C. La estimulación con 0,25 Hz permitió que los impulsos espontáneos puedan ser identificados por las fluctuaciones de la latencia basal. Las fluctuaciones anormales de la latencia podrían ser producidas por varios mecanismos. La actividad espontánea fue identificada de manera más fidedigna por la presencia de incrementos inexplicables de la latencia, correspondientes a dos o más potenciales de acción adicionales. La actividad espontánea estuvo presente en determinada proporción de nociceptores de tipo C insensibles a los estímulos mecánicos en los pacientes y en todos los modelos en ratas. Los tres modelos animales de lesión traumática focal en nervios presentaron la proporción más alta (59,5%), mientras que los dos modelos de polineuropatía tuvieron menos (18,6%), en tanto que los pacientes mostraron una proporción intermedia (33,3%). No se registraron nociceptores C sensibles a los estímulos mecánicos espontáneamente activos. Los registros microneurográficos de la actividad espontánea de los nociceptores C enfermos pueden ser de utilidad para el estudio de drogas a corto y largo plazo, tanto en animales como en humanos.
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Derechos de autor 2013 Jordi Serra, Hugh Bostock, Romà Solà, Jordi Aleu, Elizabeth García, Barbara Cokic, Xavier Navarro, Cristina Quiles
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
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